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| Using laboratory lessons to maximise profitability |
Steven J Yanik, Akzo Nobel Catalysts
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2001 / Q3 |
A review of the progress made in catalyst evaluation methods, brought about by the formulation of new and improved testing equipment and methodology plus an understanding of the mechanisms driving catalyst deactivation processes.
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| A hydrocracking strategy for a competitive market |
P Marion, D Duee, E Benazzi, IFP
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2001 / Q3 |
A description of a novel hydrocracking technology that offers refiners a cost effective way of complying with European 2005 diesel specifications, taking into account new configurations necessary to meet capacity and quality targets.
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| Hydrocracking solutions for reducing sulphur |
D R Cash, A S Krishna, D Farshid, G J Forder, Chevron Products Company Laszlo Toth, MOL Hungarian Oil & Gas
Edmund Monkiewicz, Rafineria Gdanska
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2001 / Q3 |
A growing requirement to produce higher yields of high quality products call for significant modifications to many of the world's singe-stage hydrocrackers. How two refineries successfully met this challenge is discussed by the authors.
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| FCC catalyst technology for maximum residue upgrading |
James R D Nee, Paul A Diddams, Steven S Paloumbis, Grace Davison
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2001 / Q3 |
New zeolite and matrix components, designed with high intrinsic stability and low delta coke and metals tolerance properties, have demonstrated an ability to process high boiling range feedstocks, with improved FCC gasoline quality.
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| Bioslurping treatment for subsurface contamination |
E Gidarakos and J Thomas, Battelle Ingenieurtechnik GmbH I Gaglias and D Lambrinoudis, Hellenis Petroleum Aspropyrgos Refinery
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2001 / Q3 |
An unconventional bioremedial technology has been used to clean up the contamination of subsoil and ground water resulting from a refinery's leaking oil tanks, at the same time achieving a cost effective recovery for lost product.
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| Ultra low sulphur - low aromatic diesel |
Alain P Lamourelle and Douglas E Nelson, Haldor Topsoe Inc Jerry McKnight, San Joaquin Refining Inc
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2001 / Q3 |
Moves to minimise sulphur emissions are causing refiners to consider more active hydrodesulphurisation catalysts in revamp projects. For obtaining ultra low diesel, the authors discuss the benefits of NiMo and CoMo catalyst combinations.
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| Selective H2S removal for the refining industry |
Harald Linga, Erik Nilsen, Finn P Nilsen, Framo Purification Per Age Sorum, Sigfred Johansen, Tore Pedersen, Statoil Mongstad Refinery
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2001 / Q3 |
An account of the development and testing of a unit designed to remove H2S more efficiently from offgas process streams. The authors conclude that it enables offgases to be purified to an exceptional level with minimum CO2 co-absorption
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| Maximising performance with new internals |
Richard R Rall, Koch-Glitsch Inc Bernard DeMulder, TotalFinaElf
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2001 / Q3 |
In ther past few years a structured packing alternative to conventional
tray design has been developed which, among other effects, maximises
stripping performance. Initial results from the technology's first
commercial installation are presented here.
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| Vacuum pressure control: impact on profitability |
Gary R Martin and Jason M Nigg, Process Consulting Services Inc
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2001 / Q3 |
Optimisation of flash zone pressure and temperature can improve feedstock quality to downstream units. This article discusses control of column flash zone pressure through the first stage ejector pressure control system.
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| Cost efficient rervamps in hydrogen plants |
James D Fleshman, Foster Wheeler, USA
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2001 / Q3 |
In the quest for acquiring more hydrogen at lower cost, revamping of existing equipment is often seen as the cheapest and most cost effective solution, but this calls for a thorough knowledge of the plant, its capabilities and its limitations.
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| Recovery system to increase ethylene plant capacity |
Robert V McDonald and Colin P Bowen, Stone & Webster
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2001 / Q3 |
An examination of the issues facing European producers and the way they are being resolved, particularly with the options available for steam cracker revamps. Two case studies are presented.
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| Organising the plan for turnarounds |
Rod Oliver, Meridium Inc
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2001 / Q3 |
In the preparations for any turnaround, a work process must be a part of the company's overall business plan, says the author, so that it takes into account the changing business environment as well as developments in the plan itself.
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| Property estimation method for accurate process design |
Leonidas Constantinou, Cyprus Petroleum Refinery Ltd
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2001 / Q3 |
A recently developed property estimation methodology has been used to obtain accurate and reliable estimates of a wide variety of low molecular weight compounds, mixtures and polymers for the analysis and design of new processes.
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| Benefits from a profits improvement plan |
Yuji Takao and Minoru Horike, Kao Oil Co Ltd Paul Kennedy and Sanjay Bhargava, KBC Process Technology Ltd
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2001 / Q3 |
This article describes how a Japanese refinery set about improving its profitability by adopting a detailed plan for optimising every aspect of plant operation as well as encouraging a "profit culture" among its workforce
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| Working with an extractive distillation process |
Gerd Emmrich, Helmut Gehrke, Uwe Ranke, Krupp Uhde GmbH
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2001 / Q3 |
A cost comparison between progressive extractive distillation of aromatics versus a more conventional technology has shown there can be considerable savings in operating costs during the production of high purity benezene.
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| Cost eeffective hydrogen from refinery offgases |
Sanjiv Ratan and Paul Wentink, Technip Benelux
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2001 / Q3 |
Efficient utilisation of refinery offgases can prove to be attractive for hydrogen production by employing hybrid or integrated systems. But attention must be given to specific operational requirements to achieve flexibility and reliability.
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| Metathesis: refinery and ethylene plant applications |
Ronald M Venner and Stephen I Kantorowicz, ABB Lummus Global
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2001 / Q3 |
With the demand for propylene now exceeding that for C4S, the authors see the integration of the metathesis process in FCC units and steam crackers as a low capital cost way of increasing propylene production and reducing the C4s product.
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| Technology for redcucing para-xylene costs |
Scott Ramsey, ExxonMobil Chemical
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2001 / Q3 |
Recently introduced technologies are offering para-xylene producers the option of lowering production costs by reducing feedstock requirements and, says the author, enabling para-xylene production increases without hardware modifications.
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