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| Revamp options for improved diesel |
Gary L Hamilton, ABB Lummus Global Bert van der Linde, Shell Global Solutions
Dave DiCamillo, Criterion Catalyst Company
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2001 / Q1 |
Integration of cocurrent and countercurrent reactor systems into existing hydrotreaters makes various revamp options possible, providing opportunities for meeting changing specifications for diesel.
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| Implications of producing ultra low sulphur diesel |
Bradford L Bjorklund, Timothy L Heckel, Neil D Howard, David A Lindsay, David J Piasecki, UOP LLC
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2001 / Q1 |
The practical implications of producing an ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD) are reviewed in this article. The authors define ULSD as a diesel transportation fuel with 5ppm or less of sulphur and with no other specification changes imposed.
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| Calculating atmospheric residue FCC product slate |
William Gilbert, Claudia Baptista, Marco Antonio Teixeira, Petrobras
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2001 / Q1 |
A set of atmospheric residues was cracked in a circulating riser pilot plant and the results interpreted with the help of a process simulation model. New heavy feed properties were identified as being important factors in product yield prediction.
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| Hydrocracking: past, present and future |
David V Law, Chevron Texaco
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2001 / Q1 |
Modern hydrocracking continues its importance as a refining process of choice in the current era of rapidly changing product specifications, particularly for transportation fuels. Its process and catalyst characteristics are reviewed here.
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| Beating pressure drop with a trash baskets redesign |
Byron G Johnson, Phillips Petroleum Company
Brian M Moyse and Kenneth Lee Smith, Haldor Topsoe Inc
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2001 / Q1 |
Unscheduled turnarounds of hydrotreaters can be expensive in terms of catalyst and manpower costs, as well as the value of lost production. The authors describe how a refiner saved three such turnarounds per year on a naphtha hydrotreater.
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| Oxygen enrichment to reduce Nox emissions |
Kirk Limbach, Satish Tamhankar, Subodh Ganguly, Vijay Balse, Raghu Menon, Ram Ramachandran, BOC Gases
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2001 / Q1 |
An account of studies of the effect of FCC regenerator oxygen enrichment on NOx and SO2 emissions, showing that oxygen enrichment significantly decreases NOx emissions and those of SO2 when SOx transfer agent is present.
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| Catalyst management for ultra low sulphur gasoil |
Constant Bruyninckx, Belgian Refining Corporation Daniel J Neuman, Maarten van Vliet, G Karl Semper, Tricat Companies
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2001 / Q1 |
By purchasing high quality regenerated catalyst rather than regenerating its own catalyst during turnaround, a Belgian refinery was able to reduce downtime from 12 days to six and also shorten startup with the XpresS presulphiding process.
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| Use of rigorous models in refinery-wide optimisation |
Dale R Mudt and Clifford C Pedersen, Sunoco Inc P R Robinson, M D Jett, S Karur, J M Thiessen, P J Hanratty, B McIntyre, Aspen Technology Inc
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2001 / Q1 |
A description of how rigorous models are being used for closed-loop real time optimisation at a refinery in Canada. The authors show how combinations of rigorous models can quantify important non-linear relationship between units.
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| Clean fuels: a strategy for today's refiners |
Uday Hattiangadi, Michiel Spoort, Subhas C Pal, Washington Group Int.
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2001 / Q1 |
After addressing the current status of "clean fuels" and the technology options for both diesel and gasoline, the authors present a novel linear programming model for analysing complex scenarios and arriving at a cost effective solution.
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| Software for scheduling a multi-plant complex |
Wolfgang Liebenau, Veba Oel Verarbeitungs GmbH Tony Cutting, Haverly Systems Inc
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2001 / Q1 |
A description of the vendor selection, requirements and actual status of a project to install a new computerised scheduling system at one of Germany's major refineries, with an outline of the complexity of its operations.
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| Artificial neural networks in lube oil refining |
F G Martins, J J C Aparicio, J A Coelho, M A N Coelho, C A V da Costa, Oporto University Manuel A S Jeronimo, Lusiada University
Carlos Martins and Artur S Braga, Petrogal
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2001 / Q1 |
The authors describe how feedforward artificial neural networks are used to model rotating disc contactors for deasphalting and for furfural extraction - an approach proving valuable in solving complex problems in the refining business.
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| Improving FCC operations with predictive upgrade |
Ulisse Spanu, Saras Sonia Sulis, Sartec
Henrik Terndrup, Honeywell Hi-Spec Solutions
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2001 / Q1 |
Robust multivariable control and optimisation technology applied to an FCC unit in Italy has boosted operational efficiency and yielded financial benefits. And in a short period of time it has paid back the cost of the entire project.
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| Establishing an information platform for three refineries |
Jens H Schroeder, IT Consult GmbH Markus Muth, BayernOil Raffinerie GmbH
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2001 / Q1 |
An account of how an integrated refinery information system was devised when a group of refineries was merged and needed consistent information technology to replace their individual systems for running software and hardware.
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| Fluidised bed propanne dehydrogenation |
Roberto Trotta and Domenico Sanfilippo, Snamprogetti SpA
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2001 / Q1 |
The authors foresee propane dehydrogenation playing a major part in meeting a shortage in the supply of propylene. Fluidised bed dehydrogenation (FDB) offers an opportunity to make propylene supply independent of that of ethylene.
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| Expanding the properties of polypropylene |
Anton de Vries, Montell Technology - Europe
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2001 / Q1 |
The author sees the future for polypropylene expanding as new materials, some of which are described here, rejuvenate existing applications and create new opportunities based on competition between materials and product differentiation.
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