|
|
| FCC feed preparation for improved quality |
Henyr Chung and Susan Kolbush, Ultramar Inc
Emiliano de la Fuente and Preben Christensen, Haldor Topsoe. |
1997 / Q2 |
The benefits of hydrotreating heavy gas oil FCC feedstocks at
different levels of severity are discussed in this article,
particularly the operating success of a combination of processes at the
Ultramar refinery in California.
More
|
|
|
| Removal of NOX from FCCU regenerator vent gases |
Peter Brook, Bernard Hagger, John Wood, Foster Wheeler Energy |
1997 / Q2 |
Design of FCCUs has traditionally been aimed at optimising process
yields and heat recovery, but legislation on emissions from refineries
required changed investment criteria. At Sweden's Scanraff
refinery a technology that is not in common use is being applied in a
project to reduce NOx.
More
|
|
|
| Spent catalyst management |
Roger K Clifford, Chevron Research and Technology Company |
1997 / Q2 |
It is each refiner's responsibility to determine how and where to
manage spent catalysts. Options include reuse, regeneration,
metals reclamation and disposal. Government regulations differ in
each country, and they are in a state of flux - it is prudent to
consult the regulators and evaluate the options.
More
|
|
|
| Integrated refinery and power with fertiliser coproduction |
Yukihiro Kobayashi, Takeshi Yoshimitsu, Kadaba R Umesh, Toyo Engineering Corporation |
1997 / Q2 |
A means of achieving efficient utilisation of refinery residues in
developing countries for the production of power, and the coproduction
of value added product such as urea fertiliser, is described in this
article.
More
|
|
|
| LNG peak shaving plant in Argentina |
Cyril Collins, M W Kellogg Ltd
Horacio Cristiani, gasNatural BAN SA
David Miner, Air Liquide America Corp |
1997 / Q2 |
Installation of the first peak shaving plant of its kind in Latin America has put Argentina among the countries now using this type of facility as an efficient and economical way of meeting peak gas demands.
More
|
|
|
| Claus sulphur recovery options |
Gavin McIntyre and Lili Lyddon, Bryan Research & Engineering Inc |
1997 / Q2 |
Recovery of elemental sulphur from acid gas was first performed via the Claus process over 100 years ago. This article examines some Claus modifications which can alleviate operational difficulties and improve overall sulphur recovery.
More
|
|
|
| Optimisation of natural gas drying and purification |
Gerard Jochem and Malcolm Robertson, Procatalyse. |
1997 / Q2 |
Molecular sieves are used for drying and/or purification in most gas trains, benefits being efficient water removal, with low dew points. But some units have not met expectations due to chemical contamination or excess degradation of the adsorbent. This article deals with some of the problems and ways to solve them.
More
|
|
|
| Submerged combustion vaporisers for LNG distribution facilities |
Olavo Cunha Leite, Selas Fluid Processing Corporation |
1997 / Q2 |
submerged combustion vaporisers, used to vaporise LNG stored under low temperature, are ideal for peak shaving and base load facilities. They offer low initial and maintenance costs with high thermal efficiency in a safe design.
More
|
|
|
| FCCU reliability and mechanical integrity |
D F Shaw, R E Walter, S Zaczepinski, Exxon Research and Engineering Co |
1997 / Q2 |
FCC reliability and mechanical integrity contribute strongly to profitability, and Exxon's efforts to improve these attributes have resulted in a significant increase in unit run lengths, plus large reductions in unplanned outages.
More
|
|
|
| Critical factors affecting crude corrosivity |
Saadedine Tebbal and Russel D Kane, CLI International
Jorge L Hau, Intevep SA
Edmundo J Mirabal, Refineria Isla |
1997 / Q2 |
Lower quality "opportunity" crudes are now processed in most refineries and their source may vary daily. Knowledge of the principal parameters affecting crude corrosivity is essential to prevent failure and shortened life of equipment.
More
|
|
|
| Optimising assets with machinery management systems |
|
1997 / Q2 |
More
|
|
|
| Purification of olefinic streams for polymerisation units |
D J Artrip, K Flick, R Meissner, H Wanjek, BASF AG |
1997 / Q2 |
Improved PE/PP-polymerisation technology requires more feedstocks free of poisoning components. Most of these can be removed catalytically. A system of noble metal and copper catalysts makes it possible to take out components like acetylenes, dienes, As and S compounds, oxygen, CO and hydrogen.
More
|
|
|
| Propylene production frombutenes and ethylene |
J A Chodorge, J Cosyns, D Commereuc, B Torck, Institut Francais de Petrole (IFP) |
1997 / Q2 |
Naphtha cracker operators are looking for ways to increase propylene/ethylene production ratios without substantial ethylene production losses. Metathesis of 2-butene with ethylene to increase propylene capacity may be the most cost effective solution while maintaining operating independence.
More
|
|
|
| Selective olefins recovery |
Richard Barchas, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation |
1997 / Q2 |
To reduce the cost of recovering olefins, Stone & Webster and BP Chemicals have jointly developed a chemical absorption technology, commercially ready for recovering light olefins from vents from ethylene oxide and synthetic ethanol units, and from streams located within olefin plants.
More
|
|
|